Subordinate Clause: What It Is and How To Use It

Do you know what a subordinate clause is? This article will provide you with all of the information you need on subordinate clause, including its definition, usage, example sentences, and more!

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What is a subordinate clause?

According to Grammarly, in English grammar a subordinate clause, also called a dependent clause is a part of a compound sentence, complex-compound sentences, a compound-complex sentence, or complex sentence that cannot stand on its own as a complete sentence, and is considered a sentence fragment if it is not connected to an insubordinate clause, or independent clause. These are often connected to other independent or dependent clauses by a comma and subordinate conjunction, coordinating conjunctions, or another type of punctuation like a semicolon.

Different types of subordinate clause include a noun clause that contains a general noun or specific noun, adjective clause, adverb clause, and more. Simple sentences will never be subordinate or dependent clauses, and will always be essential clauses of independent clauses, which are a complete thought and not a fragment. Subordinate clauses provide additional information, extra detail, or extra information but the meaning of the sentence cannot stand on its own. Examples of main clauses will be those that have both a subject and a predicate, and the meaning of the main clause can stand on its own.

Many different languages also contain words that mean subordinate clause. You may notice that some of these translations of subordinate clause look and sound similar to one another. These are called cognates, which are words and phrases in different languages that likely have the same root or language of origin, causing them to sound the same. The below list of translations of subordinate clause is provided by Word Sense

  •  Turkish: yan cümle‎, yan tümce‎
  •  Icelandic: aukasetning‎ (fem.)
  •  Latin: sententia subordinata‎ (fem.)
  •  Polish: zdanie podrzędne‎ (neut.)
  •  Thai: อนุประโยค‎, ประโยคย่อย‎
  •  Korean: 종속절‎ (從屬節‎)
  •  Spanish: oración subordinada‎ (fem.)
  •  Greek: δευτερεύουσα πρόταση‎ (fem.)
  •  Japanese: 従属節‎ (じゅうぞくせつ, jūzokusetsu), 付属節‎ (ふぞくせつ, fuzokusetsu)
  •  Russian: прида́точное предложе́ние‎ (neut.)
  •  Swedish: bisats‎ (common)
  •  French: proposition subordonnée‎ (fem.), subordonnée‎ (fem.)
  •  Mandarin: 從屬小句‎, 从属小句‎ (cóngshǔ xiǎojù), 從句‎, 从句‎ (cóngjù)
  •  Irish: fochlásal‎ (masc.)
  •  Dutch: bijzin‎ (masc.)
  •  Portuguese: oração subordinada‎ (fem.)
  •  German: Nebensatz‎ (masc.)
  •  Latvian: palīgteikums‎ (masc.)
  •  Hungarian: alárendelt mondat‎
  •  Scottish Gaelic: fo-chlàs‎ (masc.)
  •  Finnish: sivulause‎

What are examples of subordinate clauses?

subordinate clauses can be used in many different contexts in the English language. Trying to use a word or grammatical technique in a sentence is one of the best ways to memorize what it is, but you can also try making flashcards or quizzes that test your knowledge. Try using this term of the day in a sentence today! Below are a couple of examples of subordinate clauses that can help get you started incorporating this tool into your everyday use.  Take a look at these subordinate clause examples from and see how many you can identify the subordinate clause in!

  •  Learned her lesson.
  •  Talked to Bailey.
  •  Petting the cat on the head.
  •  Ate some toast. 
  •  Go to the movies.
  •  Sat on a bench.
  •  Threw the ball to the dog.
  •  Taped up the poster.
  •  Sips on the coffee.
  •  Sat beside Amy.
  •  Took a look at it.
  •  To buy a cookie from the grocery store.
  •  Squishes the spider.
  •  Puts the broccoli in the garbage disposal.
  •  The chores of the small child.
  •  The powerpoint and the worksheet.
  •  The aunt with her popcorn.
  •  A taxi in Paris.
  •  Procrastinating his assignments.
  •  Mom at the beach.
  •  A capital letter written on his exam.

What are other literary techniques and devices?

There are many different literary and grammatical techniques and devices that you might see when you are reading prose or poetry. It is important to recognize these terms because they are always used for some purpose. Knowing these devices can help readers understand the author’s deeper meaning and why they are using such a device. Take a look at the below list of grammatical devices from OED and see how many you know! Then try researching ones that are unfamiliar to you. 

  •  indirect object
  •  gerund
  •  article
  •  part of speech
  •  clause
  •  protasis
  •  phrasal verb
  •  vocative
  •  conjunction (conj.)
  •  ellipsis | elliptical
  •  past participle
  •  declarative
  •  accusative
  •  conditional
  •  optative
  •  participial adjective
  •  cognate object
  •  prepositional phrase
  •  possessive
  •  perfect
  •  to-infinitive
  •  sentence adverb |sentence adverbial
  •  interjection
  •  main verb
  •  present tense
  •  parasynthetic
  •  personal pronoun
  •  similative
  •  neuter
  •  noun (n.)
  •  antecedent
  •  direct question
  •  main clause
  •  mass noun
  •  past tense
  •  direct speech
  •  inflection | inflected | inflectional
  •  pleonasm | pleonastic
  •  absolute (absol.)
  •  nominative
  •  instrumental
  •  possessive adjective
  •  complement
  •  preposition (prep.)
  •  filler
  •  number
  •  head
  •  base form
  •  object | direct object | indirect object
  •  active
  •  nominal relative | nominal relative clause
  •  modal verb | modal auxiliary verb | modal auxiliary
  •  abstract
  •  tense
  •  apodosis and protasis
  •  verb (v.)
  •  non-finite
  •  count noun
  •  gender
  •  bare infinitive
  •  postmodify | postmodifier
  •  anticipatory
  •  proper noun | proper name
  •  double object
  •  quasi-
  •  adverb (adv.)
  •  unmarked genitive
  •  feminine
  •  passive infinitive
  •  second person
  •  premodify | premodifier
  •  interrogative
  •  subordinate clause
  •  definite article
  •  adjective
  •  dual
  •  demonstrative
  •  common noun
  •  attributive
  •  transitive
  •  determiner
  •  masculine
  •  appositive
  •  construction
  •  suffix
  •  periphrasis | periphrastic
  •  locative
  •  imperative (imper.)
  •  objective
  •  anaphoric
  •  dative
  •  participle | past participle | present participle
  •  prepositional passive
  •  parenthetical | parenthetically
  •  indirect speech
  •  positive
  •  noun phrase
  •  plural
  •  subject
  •  direct object
  •  subjunctive
  •  concrete
  •  intransitive
  •  present participle
  •  intensifier
  •  singular
  •  agent noun
  •  prepositional object
  •  copular verb | copula
  •  comparative
  •  reflexive
  •  relative
  •  that-clause
  •  pronoun (pron.)
  •  finite
  •  element
  •  phrase (phr.)
  •  complementary
  •  adverbial | adverbially
  •  pro-form
  •  stem
  •  compound | compounding
  •  subordinate clause
  •  causative
  •  progressive
  •  case
  •  modify | modifier
  •  simple
  •  agree | agreement
  •  first person
  •  construed (const., constr.)
  •  superlative
  •  indefinite
  •  genitive
  •  combining form (comb. form)
  •  person
  •  zero
  •  collocation | collocate
  •  subjective
  •  predicative
  •  mood
  •  combination
  •  impersonal (impers.)
  •  apposition
  •  indicative
  •  morpheme
  •  third-person
  •  prefix
  •  auxiliary verb | auxiliary
  •  indirect question
  •  special use
  •  passive
  •  possessive pronoun
  •  verbal noun
  •  non-referential
  •  collective noun
  •  infinitive
  •  cataphoric
  •  indirect passive

Overall, a subordinate clause is an incomplete sentence or a fragment. This is not a full sentence, and needs compound elements to make it make complete sense. 

Sources:

  1. Glossary of grammatical terms | OED 
  2. Subordinate Clause: Simple Rules You Need to Know | Grammarly 
  3. subordinate clause: meaning, translation, synonyms | Word Sense