Present Perfect Tense: What It Is and How To Use It

Do you know what the present perfect tense is? This article will provide you with all of the information you need on present perfect tenses, including its definition, usage, example sentences, and more!

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What is the present perfect tense?

According to Your Dictionary, in English grammar, the present perfect tense combines present tense and the perfect aspect used to discuss an event that happened in the past that has present consequences. This tense is used to link the past time and present time, or a period of time. This is often used with the verb “to have” as a helping verb or auxiliary verb and then the “ed” form of the main verb, or the past participle of the main verb. This is for a regular verb. However, there are many irregular verbs that do not follow this format such as:

  •  cast
  •  light
  •  feed
  •  dream
  •  bite
  •  set
  •  burst
  •  thrust
  •  mistake
  •  seek
  •  bind
  •  cling
  •  creep
  •  rid
  •  flee
  •  overcome
  •  hang
  •  dive
  •  deal
  •  spend
  •  upset
  •  shake
  •  forbid
  •  grind
  •  arise
  •  come
  •  bleed
  •  wring

There are numerous different verb tenses in the English language. These are listed below, from Exam Planning.

  •  Simple Present Tense
  •  Present Continuous Tense
  •  Present Perfect Tense
  •  Present Perfect Continuous Tense
  •  Simple Past Tense
  •  Past Continuous Tense
  •  Past Perfect Tense
  •  Past Perfect Continuous Tense
  •  Simple Future Tense
  •  Future Continuous Tense
  •  Future Perfect Tense
  •  Future Perfect Continuous Tense
  •  Past Future Tense
  •  Past Future Continuous Tense
  •  Past Future Perfect Tense
  •  Past Future Perfect Continuous

Take a look at the below examples of the present perfect tense from Learn Grammar and Your Dictionary:

  •  There has been an accident.
  •  We have seen this movie already.
  •  They have been to the mall twice this month.
  •  They have written three letters already.
  •  Have you visited England?
  •  I have written articles on different topics.
  •  He has read various kinds of books.
  •  They have played football.
  •  She has taken coffee.
  •  He has gone to the library.
  •  We have shopped in this market.
  •  We have watched movies in this Cineplex.
  •  You have shopped in that market.
  •  I have lost my purse.
  •  He has started a new job.
  •  She has finished her chores.
  •  The children have made a mess in the kitchen.
  •  Has Anthony played basketball yet?
  •  She has lived here all her life.
  •  We haven’t seen her today.
  •  Where have I left my sandals?
  •  Have you called your mom yet?
  •  I have worked here since I graduated school.
  •  He has finished his homework.
  •  I have gone to the bank and paid my rent today.
  •  We have been to Canada.
  •  She has forgotten her folder.
  •  He has broken his leg.
  •  Why has he gone already?
  •  Has she met John?
  •  She has watched that show three times this week.

The present perfect tense is also present in the Spanish language. According to Thought Co., below are the forms of the present perfect tense using the verb haber. To make the present perfect form, use the present tense of haber and attach it to the past participle form of the main verb. These are called compound tenses. Vosotros is mostly used in Spain.

  • yo he + past participle (I have …)
  • tú has + past participle (you have …)
  • usted/él/ella ha + past participle (you have, he/she has …)
  • nosotros/nosotras hemos + past participle (we have …)
  • vosotros habéis/vosotras habéis + past participle (you have …)
  • ustedes/ellos/ellas han + past participle (you have, they have …)

What are other literary techniques and devices?

There are many different literary and grammatical techniques and devices that you might see when you are reading prose or poetry. It is important to recognize these terms because they are always used for some purpose. Knowing these devices can help readers understand the author’s deeper meaning and why they are using such a device. Take a look at the below list of grammatical devices from OED and see how many you know! Then try researching ones that are unfamiliar to you. 

  •   construed (const., constr.)
  •   gender
  •   impersonal (impers.)
  •   zero
  •   prepositional object
  •   number
  •   finite
  •   genitive
  •   anaphoric
  •   attributive
  •   collocation | collocate
  •   special use
  •   ellipsis | elliptical
  •   intensifier
  •   noun phrase
  •   nominative
  •   apposition
  •   neuter
  •   appositive
  •   construction
  •   determiner
  •   preposition (prep.)
  •   infinitive
  •   complement
  •   compound | compounding
  •   phrasal verb
  •   head
  •   dual
  •   pleonasm | pleonastic
  •   singular
  •   pro-form
  •   stem
  •   parenthetical | parenthetically
  •   passive infinitive
  •   element
  •   indirect question
  •   protasis
  •   sentence adverb |sentence adverbial
  •   absolute (absol.)
  •   interjection
  •   plural
  •   third-person
  •   imperative (imper.)
  •   collective noun
  •   prepositional passive
  •   comparative
  •   past tense
  •   relative
  •   complementary
  •   main clause
  •   nominal relative | nominal relative clause
  •   combining form (comb. form)
  •   participial adjective
  •   premodify | premodifier
  •   prepositional phrase
  •   inflection | inflected | inflectional
  •   filler
  •   locative
  •   prefix
  •   possessive pronoun
  •   unmarked genitive
  •   indicative
  •   base form
  •   mood
  •   to-infinitive
  •   cognate object
  •   object | direct object | indirect object
  •   declarative
  •   objective
  •   agent noun
  •   bare infinitive
  •   parasynthetic
  •   that-clause
  •   interrogative
  •   part of speech
  •   verbal noun
  •   tense
  •   article
  •   verb (v.)
  •   positive
  •   dative
  •   progressive
  •   present participle
  •   proper noun | proper name
  •   present tense
  •   common noun
  •   instrumental
  •   concrete
  •   superlative
  •   passive
  •   indirect speech
  •   possessive
  •   transitive
  •   periphrasis | periphrastic
  •   apodosis and protasis
  •   optative
  •   perfect
  •   auxiliary verb | auxiliary
  •   accusative
  •   clause
  •   copular verb | copula
  •   participle | past participle | present participle
  •   antecedent
  •   combination
  •   double object
  •   indirect passive
  •   indirect object
  •   personal pronoun
  •   pronoun (pron.)
  •   subject
  •   second person
  •   conditional
  •   agree | agreement
  •   postmodify | postmodifier
  •   count noun
  •   similative
  •   intransitive
  •   feminine
  •   direct question
  •   person
  •   simple
  •   noun (n.)
  •   main verb
  •   adverbial | adverbially
  •   gerund
  •   modify | modifier
  •   conjunction (conj.)
  •   active
  •   non-referential
  •   vocative
  •   non-finite
  •   case
  •   reflexive
  •   subjunctive
  •   demonstrative
  •   abstract
  •   subordinate clause
  •   possessive adjective
  •   direct speech
  •   adjective
  •   subjective
  •   definite article
  •   phrase (phr.)
  •   quasi-
  •   first person
  •   adverb (adv.)
  •   masculine
  •   morpheme
  •   modal verb | modal auxiliary verb | modal auxiliary
  •   indefinite
  •   mass noun
  •   direct object
  •   cataphoric
  •   anticipatory
  •   causative
  •   predicative

Overall, the present perfect tense is a gerb tense that is used to describe a past event that happened in the past but has present day consequences. 

Sources:

  1. Glossary of grammatical terms | OED 
  2. Present Perfect Tense Examples | Your Dictionary
  3. Examples of Present Perfect Tense | Learn English | Learn Grammar  
  4. Present Perfect Tense in Spanish | Thought Co 
  5. 16 Tenses in English Grammar (Formula and Examples) | Exam Planning