Past Tense: What It Is and How To Use It

Do you know what the past tense is? This article will provide you with all of the information you need on past tenses, including its definition, usage, example sentences, and more!

Your writing, at its best

Compose bold, clear, mistake-free, writing with Grammarly's AI-powered writing assistant

What is the past tense?

According to Grammar Monster, in English grammar, the past tense is a verb form that describes actions that have already happened. This is used with a past activity of state of being. The three main tenses are present tense, past tense, and future tense, but the past tense can be more specific than that. These is the simple past tense, which is used to describe a completed activity that started in the past and ended in the past. There is the past progressive tense or past continuous tense, which is used to describe an ongoing activity in the past. There is the past perfect tense, which is used to emphasize that an action was completed before another took place. Finally, there is the past perfect progressive tense which  is used to show that an ongoing action in the past has ended.

Many other verb forms have more specific tenses, like the present participle, past conditional, past perfect continuous tense, past simple tense,  imperfect tense, the interrogative form, the present perfect tense, the subjunctive mood,  the preterite, other forms of present tenses, and more. Regular verbs and irregular verbs will conjugate differently for all of the tenses. Often, the past tense ends in ed, but this is not always the case. The different forms of past tense can describe past actions from the recent past time, or a completed action from another specified time or particular time. An autobiography or fiction piece might use the past tense. The past tense form of English verbs looks different from different tenses, whether simple tenses or not. Examples of past tense are below:

  •  He did his homework.
  •  Debbie won a gold medal. 
  •  While she was reading The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, her parents said they were going on vacation to Spain.
  •  On Monday, his bike was stolen.
  •  The kid finished the puzzle at eleven o’clock last night after they returned from the cinema. 

Many different languages also contain words that mean past tense. You may notice that some of these translations of past tense look and sound similar to one another. These are called cognates, which are words and phrases in different languages that likely have the same root or language of origin, causing them to sound the same. The below list of translations of past tense is provided by Word Sense

  •  Turkish: geçmiş zaman‎
  •  Navajo: tʼáá íídą́ą́ʼ‎
  •  Telugu: భూతకాలము‎
  •  Tagalog: pangnagdaan‎, naganap‎
  •  Mandarin: 過去時態‎, 过去时态‎ (guòqù shítài), 過去式‎, 过去式‎ (guòqù shì)
  •  Kumyk: гетген заман‎ (getgen zaman)
  •  Crimean Tatar: keçken zaman‎
  •  Hungarian: múlt idő‎
  •  Swedish: preteritum‎, förfluten tid‎, imperfekt‎
  •  Nogai: озган заман‎
  •  Arabic: الْمَاضِي‎ (masc.), الْفِعْل الْمَاضِي‎ (masc.)
  •  Latvian: pagātnes laiks‎ (masc.)
  •  Shor: эрткен тем‎ (ertken tem)
  •  Icelandic: þátíð‎ (fem.)
  •  Russian: проше́дшее вре́мя‎ (neut.)
  •  Uyghur: ئۆتكەن زامان‎
  •  Greek: αόριστος‎ (masc.)
  •  Mongolian: өнгөрсөн цаг‎
  •  Kyrgyz: өткөн чак‎
  •  Catalan: passat‎ (masc.), pretèrit‎ (masc.)
  •  Dutch: verleden tijd‎
  •  Buryat: үнгэрһэн саг‎
  •  Spanish: tiempo pasado‎ (masc.), pretérito‎
  •  Japanese: 過去時制‎ (かこじせい, kako-jisei), 過去形‎ (かこけい, kakokei)
  •  Italian: passato‎ (masc.)
  •  Czech: minulý čas‎ (masc.)
  •  Armenian: անցյալ ժամանակ‎
  •  Polish: czas przeszły‎ (masc.)
  •  Tuvan: эрткен үе‎
  •  Tatar: үткән заман‎
  •  Turkmen: öten zaman‎
  •  Southern Altai: ӧткӧн ӧй‎ (ötkön öy)
  •  Bashkir: үткән заман‎
  •  Finnish: imperfekti‎, kertoma‎
  •  German: Vergangenheit‎ (fem.), (preterite) Präteritum‎ (neut.)
  •  Udmurt: ортчем дыр‎
  •  Korean: 과거시제‎ (過去時制‎)
  •  Portuguese: pretérito‎ (masc.), passado‎ (masc.)
  •  Kazakh: өткен шақ‎
  •  Uzbek: oʻtgan zamon‎
  •  Georgian: ნამყო‎
  •  Vietnamese: thời quá khứ‎
  •  Estonian: minevik‎
  •  Azeri: keçmiş zaman‎
  •  Indonesian: kala lampau‎
  •  French: passé‎ (masc.)
  •  Persian: ماضی‎ (mâzi), گذشته‎ (gozašte)
  •  Scottish Gaelic: tràth caithte‎ (masc.)
  •  Chuvash: иртнӗ вӑхӑт‎
  •  Kalmyk: өңгрсн цаг‎
  •  Yakut: ааспыт кэм‎

What are other literary techniques and devices?

There are many different literary and grammatical techniques and devices that you might see when you are reading prose or poetry. It is important to recognize these terms because they are always used for some purpose. Knowing these devices can help readers understand the author’s deeper meaning and why they are using such a device. Take a look at the below list of grammatical devices from OED and see how many you know! Then try researching ones that are unfamiliar to you. 

  •   passive
  •   bare infinitive
  •   prepositional passive
  •   parasynthetic
  •   main verb
  •   morpheme
  •   concrete
  •   possessive adjective
  •   relative
  •   collocation | collocate
  •   cataphoric
  •   present participle
  •   clause
  •   positive
  •   element
  •   dual
  •   participle | past participle | present participle
  •   noun phrase
  •   finite
  •   masculine
  •   mood
  •   cognate object
  •   personal pronoun
  •   preposition (prep.)
  •   accusative
  •   complementary
  •   pronoun (pron.)
  •   intransitive
  •   definite article
  •   indicative
  •   count noun
  •   indirect question
  •   filler
  •   construed (const., constr.)
  •   apposition
  •   copular verb | copula
  •   second person
  •   sentence adverb |sentence adverbial
  •   that-clause
  •   interjection
  •   superlative
  •   subject
  •   transitive
  •   conditional
  •   gerund
  •   absolute (absol.)
  •   main clause
  •   special use
  •   premodify | premodifier
  •   modify | modifier
  •   declarative
  •   part of speech
  •   stem
  •   protasis
  •   determiner
  •   active
  •   past tense
  •   nominal relative | nominal relative clause
  •   unmarked genitive
  •   compound | compounding
  •   proper noun | proper name
  •   prepositional object
  •   indirect passive
  •   verb (v.)
  •   base form
  •   prepositional phrase
  •   progressive
  •   parenthetical | parenthetically
  •   comparative
  •   perfect
  •   impersonal (impers.)
  •   to-infinitive
  •   anticipatory
  •   subordinate clause
  •   complement
  •   infinitive
  •   plural
  •   instrumental
  •   indirect object
  •   antecedent
  •   possessive
  •   direct object
  •   passive infinitive
  •   imperative (imper.)
  •   non-finite
  •   anaphoric
  •   direct speech
  •   phrasal verb
  •   third-person
  •   modal verb | modal auxiliary verb | modal auxiliary
  •   reflexive
  •   agent noun
  •   subjective
  •   subjunctive
  •   mass noun
  •   tense
  •   objective
  •   intensifier
  •   present tense
  •   head
  •   demonstrative
  •   periphrasis | periphrastic
  •   auxiliary verb | auxiliary
  •   double object
  •   agree | agreement
  •   attributive
  •   article
  •   person
  •   adjective
  •   ellipsis | elliptical
  •   causative
  •   adverbial | adverbially
  •   number
  •   interrogative
  •   phrase (phr.)
  •   apodosis and protasis
  •   possessive pronoun
  •   optative
  •   dative
  •   pleonasm | pleonastic
  •   participial adjective
  •   first person
  •   case
  •   construction
  •   neuter
  •   simple
  •   quasi-
  •   indirect speech
  •   object | direct object | indirect object
  •   similative
  •   direct question
  •   locative
  •   postmodify | postmodifier
  •   inflection | inflected | inflectional
  •   appositive
  •   gender
  •   non-referential
  •   verbal noun
  •   collective noun
  •   singular
  •   zero
  •   feminine
  •   noun (n.)
  •   indefinite
  •   nominative
  •   combining form (comb. form)
  •   conjunction (conj.)
  •   combination
  •   pro-form
  •   adverb (adv.)
  •   vocative
  •   prefix
  •   abstract
  •   genitive
  •   predicative
  •   common noun

Overall, the past tense describes verbs that happened in the past. There are four different forms of the past tense in English. 

Sources:

  1. Glossary of grammatical terms | OED 
  2. past tense: meaning, translation | Word Sense 
  3. Past Tense | What Is the Past Tense? | Grammar Monster