Vowels: What They Are and How To Use Them

Do you know what a vowel is? This article will provide you with all of the information you need on vowels, including its definition, usage, example sentences, and more!

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What are vowels?

According to Britannica and Logic of English, the English vowels are A, E, I, O, U, and sometimes Y. However, there are actually fifteen discrete vowel sounds in English that are written in 28 different ways:

  •  /ö/ o, oo, ew, ou, u, ui, oe, ough
  •  /ĭ/ i, y
  •  /ī/ i, y, igh, ei, eigh
  •  /oi/ oi, oy, ɔɪ
  •  /ŭ/ u, ou
  •  /ē/ e, ea, ee, ei, ey, i, ie, y
  •  /ow/ ou, ow, ough
  •  /ĕ/ e, ea
  •  /ä/ a, au, aw, augh, aʊ
  •  /ă/ a
  •  /ā/ a, ai, ay, ea, ei, ey, eigh, eɪ
  •  /ŏ/ o, ough
  •  /ü/ u, oo
  •  /ū/ u, ew
  •  /ō/ o, oa, ou, ow, oe, ough, oo  

Vowels are sounds in which the flow of air from the lungs passes through the mouth, which functions as a resonance chamber, with minimal obstruction and without audible friction. These can be pronounced without such vibration or produced with  vibrating vocal cords. In articulatory phonetics, vowels can be classified according to the position of the tongue and lips and whether or not the air is released through the nose. There are many different kinds of vowels, including high vowels, low vowels, midvowels, front vowels, back vowels, lax vowels, open vowels, tense vowel, close vowels, basic vowels, and more English vowels. In phonics you may also hear about long vowels and short vowels, like a long u, long e, or long o sound. These are all determined by the position of the tongue and roof of the mouth, lips, jaw, airflow from the lungs, closure of the mouth,  and other various positions and various heights of the tongue root position to make these vowel qualities. Linguists examine these same things to make diphthongs and nasal consonants in different dialects of English by speakers of English in the branch of linguistics. 

Many different languages also contain words that mean vowels. You may notice that some of these translations of vowels look and sound similar to one another. These are called cognates, which are words and phrases in different languages that likely have the same root or language of origin, causing them to sound the same. The below list of translations of vowels is provided by Word Sense

  •  Mandarin: 母音‎ (mǔyīn), 元音‎ (yuányīn)
  •  Yiddish: וואָקאַל‎
  •  Ancient Greek: φωνήεντα (γράμματα)‎ (n-p)
  •  Navajo: zaʼáán‎
  •  Urdu: مصوت‎ (musavvat)
  •  Slovene: samoglasnik‎ (masc.)
  •  Romanian: vocală‎ (fem.)
  •  Azeri: sait‎
  •  Indonesian: vokal‎
  •  Catalan: vocal‎ (fem.)
  •  Esperanto: vokalo‎
  •  Telugu: అచ్చు‎
  •  Turkmen: çekimli‎
  •  Kalmyk: эгшг‎
  •  Bulgarian: гла́сна‎ (fem.)
  •  Portuguese: vogal‎ (fem.)
  •  Lao: ສະຫລະ‎
  •  Scottish Gaelic: fuaimreag‎ (fem.)
  •  Kazakh: дауысты‎
  •  Roman: samoglas‎ (masc.), sȁmoglasnīk‎ (masc.), vòkāl‎ (masc.)
  •  Cyrillic: самоглас‎ (masc.), са̏могласнӣк‎ (masc.), во̀ка̄л‎ (masc.)
  •  Vietnamese: nguyên âm‎, mẫu âm‎
  •  German: Selbstlaut‎ (masc.), Vokal‎ (masc.), Vokallaut‎ (masc.)
  •  Occitan: vocala‎ (fem.)
  •  Czech: samohláska‎ (fem.)
  •  Mongolian: эгшиг‎
  •  Macedonian: само́гласка‎ (fem.)
  •  Ukrainian: голо́сний‎ (masc.)
  •  Basque: bokal‎
  •  Armenian: ձայնավոր‎
  •  Turkish: ünlü‎, sesli‎
  •  Faroese: sjálvljóð‎ (neut.)
  •  Danish: vokal‎ (common), selvlyd‎ (rare)
  •  Haitian Creole: vwayèl‎
  •  Uzbek: unli‎
  •  Southern Altai: ӱндӱ‎ (ündü)
  •  Modern Greek: φωνήεν‎ (neut.)
  •  Georgian: ხმოვანი‎
  •  Chechen: мукъаме‎
  •  Asturian: vocal‎ (fem.)
  •  Arabic: مُصَوَّت‎ (masc.)
  •  Persian: واکه‎ (vâke)
  •  Burmese: သရ‎
  •  Sanskrit: स्वर‎ (masc.)
  •  Estonian: täishäälik‎, vokaal‎
  •  Icelandic: sérhljóð‎ (neut.)
  •  Irish: guta‎ (masc.)
  •  Bokmål: vokal‎ (masc.)
  •  Hungarian: magánhangzó‎
  •  Latvian: patskanis‎ (masc.), vokālis‎ (masc.)
  •  Spanish: vocal‎ (fem.)
  •  Swedish: vokal‎ (common), vokalljud‎ (neut.), självljud‎ (neut.) (archaic)
  •  Russian: гла́сный‎ (masc.)
  •  Malay: bunyi hidup‎, vokal‎
  •  Aragonese: vocal‎ (fem.)
  •  Slovak: samohláska‎ (fem.)
  •  Volapük: vokat‎
  •  French: voyelle‎ (fem.)
  •  Maori: oro puare‎
  •  Tajik: садонок‎
  •  Walloon: voyale‎ (fem.)
  •  Bengali: স্বর‎
  •  Hindi: स्वर‎ (masc.), सुर‎ (masc.)
  •  Hebrew: תְּנוּעָה‎
  •  Khmer: ស្រៈ‎ (sraʔ), ស្វរៈ‎ (svaʔraʔ)
  •  Thai: สระ‎ (sà-rá)
  •  Afrikaans: klinker‎, vokaal‎
  •  Korean: 모음‎ (母音‎)
  •  Lithuanian: balsis‎
  •  Albanian: zanore‎ (fem.)
  •  Dutch: klinker‎ (masc.), klinkerklank‎ (masc.)
  •  Kyrgyz: үндүү‎
  •  Japanese: 母音‎ (ぼいん, boin)
  •  Finnish: vokaali‎
  •  Belarusian: гало́сны‎ (masc.)
  •  Galician: vogal‎ (fem.)
  •  Polish: samogłoska‎ (fem.)
  •  Italian: vocale‎ (fem.)

What are other literary techniques and devices?

There are many different literary and grammatical techniques and devices that you might see when you are reading prose or poetry. It is important to recognize these terms because they are always used for some purpose. Knowing these devices can help readers understand the author’s deeper meaning and why they are using such a device. Take a look at the below list of grammatical devices from OED and see how many you know! Then try researching ones that are unfamiliar to you. 

  •  gerund
  •  infinitive
  •  masculine
  •  vocative
  •  apposition
  •  positive
  •  personal pronoun
  •  noun (n.)
  •  pleonasm | pleonastic
  •  causative
  •  intensifier
  •  bare infinitive
  •  possessive
  •  direct speech
  •  number
  •  auxiliary verb | auxiliary
  •  impersonal (impers.)
  •  past tense
  •  special use
  •  preposition (prep.)
  •  main clause
  •  abstract
  •  copular verb | copula
  •  indirect object
  •  nominative
  •  simple
  •  apodosis and protasis
  •  prepositional phrase
  •  plural
  •  subjunctive
  •  anticipatory
  •  interrogative
  •  subordinate clause
  •  combination
  •  base form
  •  prepositional passive
  •  perfect
  •  clause
  •  relative
  •  intransitive
  •  pronoun (pron.)
  •  instrumental
  •  filler
  •  possessive adjective
  •  locative
  •  parasynthetic
  •  conditional
  •  reflexive
  •  collective noun
  •  finite
  •  imperative (imper.)
  •  cognate object
  •  phrase (phr.)
  •  direct question
  •  singular
  •  dative
  •  optative
  •  count noun
  •  present tense
  •  that-clause
  •  stem
  •  participial adjective
  •  prepositional object
  •  case
  •  to-infinitive
  •  premodify | premodifier
  •  proper noun | proper name
  •  complement
  •  unmarked genitive
  •  objective
  •  postmodify | postmodifier
  •  participle | past participle | present participle
  •  element
  •  transitive
  •  verbal noun
  •  concrete
  •  first person
  •  adjective
  •  part of speech
  •  demonstrative
  •  second person
  •  complementary
  •  antecedent
  •  genitive
  •  zero
  •  comparative
  •  vowels
  •  definite article
  •  pro-form
  •  anaphoric
  •  absolute (absol.)
  •  collocation | collocate
  •  quasi-
  •  morpheme
  •  agree | agreement
  •  gender
  •  modify | modifier
  •  head
  •  non-referential
  •  common noun
  •  adverbial | adverbially
  •  construction
  •  present participle
  •  combining form (comb. form)
  •  mass noun
  •  possessive pronoun
  •  neuter
  •  article
  •  accusative
  •  similative
  •  main verb
  •  indicative
  •  parenthetical | parenthetically
  •  interjection
  •  predicative
  •  dual
  •  direct object
  •  active
  •  superlative
  •  indirect speech
  •  periphrasis | periphrastic
  •  mood
  •  non-finite
  •  passive infinitive
  •  sentence adverb |sentence adverbial
  •  compound | compounding
  •  cataphoric
  •  indefinite
  •  construed (const., constr.)
  •  tense
  •  protasis
  •  subjective
  •  indirect passive
  •  modal verb | modal auxiliary verb | modal auxiliary
  •  conjunction (conj.)
  •  person
  •  nominal relative | nominal relative clause
  •  prefix
  •  verb (v.)
  •  attributive
  •  progressive
  •  noun phrase
  •  declarative
  •  subject
  •  phrasal verb
  •  past participle
  •  adverb (adv.)
  •  double object
  •  third-person
  •  indirect question
  •  inflection | inflected | inflectional
  •  ellipsis | elliptical
  •  object | direct object | indirect object
  •  determiner
  •  agent noun
  •  passive
  •  vowels
  •  feminine
  •  appositive

Overall, a vowel is the letter a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y. Vowels have many possible pronunciations.

Sources:

  1. Glossary of grammatical terms | OED 
  2. What is a Vowel? | Logic of English 
  3. Vowel | phonetics | Britannica 
  4. vowel: meaning, origin, translation | Word Sense